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The Nikitskiy Botanical Gardens – one of the oldest botanical gardens of the world, was founded in 1812. Its total area is 1100 hectares. There are 12 scientific departments in the structure of the Botanical garden. This garden has one of the largest in Europe herbarium, the oldest library in Crimea and a scientific museum. The collections of the Nikita Botanical Gardens include more than 50 thousand species, forms, sorts and hybrids of plants from many countries of the world. In 2000 Nikitsky Botanical Garden has received the status of a National Centre of Science of Ukraine.

Voronzovsky palace in Alupka

The Vorontsovsky Palace was built according to new architectural-construction principals, however still managing to incorporate Classical style architectural elements. An important architectural characteristic of the palace was its relation to the nearby Crimean Mountains, with which it harmonized perfectly.

The palace was designed in the English style, incorporating elements of early English architecture with later architecture, because it took about 18 years to construct the palace. The earliest examples of the palace’s architecture appear from the western gates — the later architecture, appears farther away from the western gates.

However being mainly in the English style, some eastern elements can be seen in the palace. For instance, the Gothic style chimney stacks are reminiscent of Islamic minarets. The southern façade is also designed in an eastern architecture style. The southern entrance to the palace is characterized with a flat roof topped off with two minaret-style towers, below which rests an entrance hall leading out towards the exit through a horse-shoe arch. On the interior walls of the entrance hall is an inscription written in Arabic: “There is no Conqueror, except Allah.” Side balconies adjoin the entrance hall looking over the so-called “lion terrace.”

Massandra Palace

The Livadia Palace

More information at www.come2ukraine.com

Ukrainians believe Crimea is the most exotic place on the earth and with good reson. This strange peninsula looks absolutely nothing like the rest of Ukraine. Instead of rolling wheat fields, the landscape is broken into deep canyons and jutting cliffs. Sharp mountains seem to pop up from nowhere, if you stray from the road the noise of passing car quickly turns to the roar of falling water. Here the hillsides are covered with different kind of green and warm breeze feels unmistakably Mediterranean. The sun shines unclouded year-round, attracking tourist armies from the north. Crimea is a large resort and tourist complex.

Autonomous Republic of Crimea is an integral part of Ukraine. It is located on the Black Sea, on the northern part of the coast. Crimea History delineates a history that is replete with many a conquest on the territory by the Cimmerians, Iranians, Greeks, Huns, Goths, Khazars, Bulgars, Byzantine, Kipchaks, Mongols, Ottoman Empire, Russian Empire, Soviet Union, Ukraine and Germany. With Simferopol, as its capital, the autonomous republic of Crimea houses about 20 lakh inhabitants.

A parliamentary republic, Crimea is devoid of a president. A council of ministers spearheaded by a Prime Minister embodies the executive power. It is divided into 25 regions that comprise urban-type settlement, city and village. Tourism and agriculture boosts the economy of the nation. People belonging to many ethnic groups co-exist in Crimea. The ethnic groups include Russians, Ukrainians, Crimean Tatars, Belarusians, Tatars, Armenians and Jews. The minority ethnic Groups in Crimea are the Black Sea German, Roma people, Bulgarians, Poles, Azerbaijanis, Koreans and the Greeks.

Crimea History states that Crimea was also known as ‘Tauris’, which housed Cimmerian People called ‘Tauri’. The people were expelled by the Scythians in the 7th century B.C. The Scythians established the kingdom of Cimmerian Bosporous. Later Greeks colonized Crimea. After the Greeks, Huns, Khazars, Cumans ruled. Mongols controlled Crimea for a significant period and then Byzantine controlled the autonomous Republic from 6th to 12th century.
Crimea History explicates the trade relations of Crimea with Kievan Rus during the 13th century. An independent Khanate was established by the Tatars in the year 1475, in the central and northern part of Crimea. During the 15th century, Ottoman Empire conquered the khanate and the coastal towns. Crimea History throws light upon the Russian Conquests. In 1736, Russians invaded Crimea. The Turks announced the independence of the Khanate in 1774 and then annexed the territory of Crimea. An account of the Crimean War that began in 1853 and ended in 1856 is a significant part of Crimea History.

Independent Crimea was announced in 1917, subsequent to the Bolshevik Revolution. German armed forces occupied the region, soon after the proclamation of independence, ironically. In 1921, the Crimean Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic was born. The republic faced dissolution in1945 and became a part of the Russian Soviet Federated Socialist Republic. It became a part of Ukraine in 1954. The dissolution of Soviet Union in 1991 resulted in negotiations between Russia and Ukraine on the possession of Crimea.

The attempts by the Russian dominated Crimean Government to recognize the independence of Crimea was terminated before gaining momentum, according to Crimea History, in 1992. After a series of conflicts both internal and external the present constitution was mobilized and Republic of Crimea became the Autonomous republic of Crimea. Crimea History portrays the interesting and intriguing story of the evolution of Crimea.

There are representatives offices of such airlines as:
Uzbekistan Airways, “Aeroflot”, “Pulkovo”, “Ukraine International Airlines”, “Sibir”, “Turkish Airlines”, “ArmAvia”, “Donbass”, “El Al”, “ARP 410″, “Tavriya”.

There are flights from “Simferopol” to:
Kyiv, Frankfurt-on-Maine, Tel-Aviv, Istanbul, Moscow, Saint-Petersburg, Minsk, Novosibirsk, Ekaterinburg, Ufa, Krasnoyarsk, Tashkent, Erevan, Habarovsk, Kazan, Murmansk, Vilnus, Lvov, and other cities.

The airport is ready to accept everyone who would like to perform flights to Crimea bringing holiday-makers to excellent resorts of the southern shore of Crimea and other resort cities of the peninsula. It has passenger terminals for ARRIVALS (International Airlines), DEPARTURES (International Airlines) and an Internal Airlines terminal. There are higher comfort VIP and business class halls, favorable conditions for airlines of Ukraine, CIS, and other countries and their representatives offices, which perform flights to/from the “Simferopol” airport.

Yalta

The term “The Greater Yalta” is used to designate a part of the Crimean southern coast spanning from Foros in the west to Gurzuf in the east and including the city of Yalta and multiple adjacent urban settlements (the area of the Greater Yalta is marked dark blue on the map).

Main sights

Famous attractions within or near Yalta are:

• Yalta’s Sea Promenade (Naberezhnaya), housing many attractions and being recently renovated (2003-2004);
• Armenian Church, built by V. Surenyants;
• A Roman Catholic Church built by N. Krasnov, a famous Russian architect
• Yalta’s Cablecar, taking visitors to the Darsan hill, from which one can see Yalta’s shoreline;
• Renovated Hotel Taurica, the first hotel in the former Russian Empire with elevators;
• Alexander Nevsky Cathedral, constructed by the architect Krasnov, which also constructed the Livadia Palace and the architect P. Terebenyov;
• Former main building of the Ministry of Defence hotel, built in the style of a Gothic castle;
• Palace of Bukhara Emir;
• Yalta’s Zoo;
• Yalta’s Aquarium, housing small dolphins;
• Park-museum Polyana Skazok (Glade of Fairytales);
• House-museum of Anton Chekhov;
• House-museum of Lesya Ukrainka;
• House with Caryatids, where the composer A. Spendiarov lived

Moreover, Yalta’s suburbs house:

• Nikitsky Botanical Garden (Nikita)
• Livadia Palace (Livadiya)
• Organ hall in Livadiya
• Massandra Palace (Massandra)
• Massandra Winery and Vaults
• International children’s centre of Artek(Gurzuf)
• Ai-Petri Mountain (1233 metres high, with a cable car traveling to and from the mountain)
• Vorontsov Palace (Alupka)
• Swallow’s Nest castle near Gaspra.

Archaeological evidence in Simferopol indicates the existence of an ancient Scythian city, collectively known as the Scythian Neapol. The location was also home to a Crimean Tatar town, Aqmescit. After the annexation of the Crimean Khanate to the Russian Empire, the city’s name was changed to its present Simferopol.

Early history

Archaeological evidence in the Chokurcha cave shows the presence of ancient people living in the territory of modern Simferopol. The Scythian Neapol, known by its Greek name, is also located in the city, which is the remnants of an ancient capital of the Crimean Scythians who lived on the territory from the 3rd century BC to the 4th century AD

Later, the Crimean Tatars founded the town of Aqmescit. The name Aqmescit literally translates as “the white mosque” (Aq—white, and mescit—mosque). For some time, Aqmescit served as the residence of the Qalğa-Sultan, the second important position in the Crimean Khanate after the Khan himself

Russian Empire and Civil War

The city was renamed Simferopol in 1784 after the annexation of the Crimean Khanate to the Russian Empire by Catherine II of Russia. The name Simferopol is derived from the Greek, Συμφερόπολις (Sympheropolis), translated as “the city of usefulness  In 1802, Simferopol became the administrative center of the Taurida Governorate. During the Crimean War of 1854-1856, the Russian Imperial Army reserves and a hospital were stationed in the city. After the war, more than 30,000 Russian soldiers were buried in the city’s vicinity.

In the 20th century, Simferopol was once again was affected by wars and conflicts in the region. At the end of the Russian Civil War, the headquarters of General Pyotr Wrangel, leader of the anti-Bolshevik White Army, were located there. On November 13, 1920, the Red Army captured the city and on October 18, 1921, Simferopol became the capital of the Crimean Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic.

World War II

During World War II, Metropolitan was occupied by Nazi Germany from November 1, 1941 to April 13, 1944. Retreating NKVD police shot a number of prisoners on October 31, 1941 in the NKVD building and the city’s prison. Germans perpetrated one of the largest war-time massacres in Simferopol, killing in total over 22,000 locals—mostly Russians, Jews, Krymchaks, and Gypsies On one occasion, starting December 9, 1941, the Einsatzgruppen D under Otto Ohlendorf‘s command killed an estimated 14,300 Simferopol residents. The city was renamed as “Gotenburg” between 1941-1944.

In April 1944, the Red Army liberated Simferopol. On May 18, 1944, the Crimean Tatar population of the city along with the whole Crimean Tatar nation of Crimea was forcibly deported to Central Asia in a form of collective punishment. On April 26, 1954, Simferopol, together with the rest of the Crimean Oblast, was transferred from the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic to the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic by Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev.

Simferopol’s city center

A minor planet 2141 Simferopol discovered in 1970 by Soviet astronomer Tamara Mikhailovna Smirnova is named after the city

After Ukrainian independence

After the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, Simferopol became the capital of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea within newly independent Ukraine. Today, the city has a population of 340,600 (2006) most of which are ethnic Russians, with the rest being Ukrainian and Crimean Tatar minorities.

After the Crimean Tatars were allowed to return from exile in the 1990s, several new Crimean Tatar suburbs were constructed, as many more Tatars returned to the city compared to number of exiled in 1944. Land ownership between the current residents and returning Crimean Tatars is a major area of conflict today with the Tatars requesting the return of lands seized after their deportation

Simferopol apartments